PathBank

Pathway Description

Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria

Bos taurus

Category:

Metabolite Pathway

Sub-Category:

Metabolic

Created: 2018-08-10

Last Updated: 2019-08-16

Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule, which is precursor to HMG CoA, which is a vital component in cholesterol and ketone synthesis. Acetyl CoA participates in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols, in the oxidation of fatty acids and in the metabolism of many amino acids. It also acts as a biological acetylating agent. Acetyl-CoA is made in the mitochondria by metabolizing fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate of acetyl-CoA. When the body has an excess of ATP, the energy in acetyl-Coa can be stored in the form of fatty acids. Acetyl-CoA must cross the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, where fatty acid synthesis takes place. Acetyl-CoA is combined with oxalacetic acid by the enzyme citrate synthase, creating citric acid. Citric acid is then transported out of the mitochondria, to the cytosol, where the enzyme citrate lyase converts citric acid back into acetyl-CoA and oxalacetic acid. Malate dehydrogenase reduces oxalacetic acid to malate, which then is either transported back into the mitochondria by the malate-alpha ketoglutarate transporter or oxidized to pyruvate by malic enzyme. Pyruvate can then be transported back into the mitochondria and undergo decarboxylation into oxalacetic acid. Malate can also be used to create NADH by the conversion of malate to oxalacetic acid by malate dehydrogenase.

References

Transfer of Acetyl Groups into Mitochondria References

Du J, Zhou Y, Su X, Yu JJ, Khan S, Jiang H, Kim J, Woo J, Kim JH, Choi BH, He B, Chen W, Zhang S, Cerione RA, Auwerx J, Hao Q, Lin H: Sirt5 is a NAD-dependent protein lysine demalonylase and desuccinylase. Science. 2011 Nov 11;334(6057):806-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1207861.

Pubmed: 22076378

Harhay GP, Sonstegard TS, Keele JW, Heaton MP, Clawson ML, Snelling WM, Wiedmann RT, Van Tassell CP, Smith TP: Characterization of 954 bovine full-CDS cDNA sequences. BMC Genomics. 2005 Nov 23;6:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-6-166.

Pubmed: 16305752

Ho L, Javed AA, Pepin RA, Thekkumkara TJ, Raefsky C, Mole JE, Caliendo AM, Kwon MS, Kerr DS, Patel MS: Identification of a cDNA clone for the beta-subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Feb 15;150(3):904-8. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(88)90714-0.

Pubmed: 2829898

Agca C, Bidwell CA, Donkin SS: Cloning of bovine pyruvate carboxylase and 5' untranslated region variants. Anim Biotechnol. 2004 May;15(1):47-66. doi: 10.1081/ABIO-120037897.

Pubmed: 15248600

Iacobazzi V, Palmieri F, Runswick MJ, Walker JE: Sequences of the human and bovine genes for the mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate carrier. DNA Seq. 1992;3(2):79-88.

Pubmed: 1457818

Runswick MJ, Walker JE, Bisaccia F, Iacobazzi V, Palmieri F: Sequence of the bovine 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein: structural relationship to other mitochondrial transport proteins. Biochemistry. 1990 Dec 18;29(50):11033-40. doi: 10.1021/bi00502a004.

Pubmed: 2271695

Carroll J, Fearnley IM, Walker JE: Definition of the mitochondrial proteome by measurement of molecular masses of membrane proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Oct 31;103(44):16170-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0607719103. Epub 2006 Oct 23.

Pubmed: 17060615

This pathway was propagated using PathWhiz - Pon, A. et al. Pathways with PathWhiz (2015) Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Web Server issue): W552–W559.

Propagated from SMP0000466

Enter relative concentration values (without units). Elements will be highlighted in a color gradient where red = lowest concentration and green = highest concentration. For the best results, view the pathway in Black and White.

Visualize Compound Data

		Acetyl-CoA
		Adenosine diphosphate
		Adenosine triphosphate
		Biotin
		Carbon dioxide
		Citric acid
		Coenzyme A
		D-Glucose
		Hydrogen
		Hydrogen carbonate
		Hydrogen Ion
		L-Malic acid
		Manganese
		NAD
		NADH
		NADP
		NADPH
		Oxalacetic acid
		Phosphate
		Pyruvic acid
		Thiamine pyrophosphate
		Water

Visualize Protein Data

		ATP-citrate synthase
		Citrate synthase, mitochondrial
		Malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic
		Malic enzyme
		Mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate/malate carrier protein
		Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1
		Pyruvate carboxylase, mitochondrial
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial
		Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial
		Unknown